Duato will succeed Alex Gorsky, who will step down from his role as executive chairman following a brief transitional period.
The healthcare conglomerate is in the middle of the biggest shake-up in its 135-year history, spinning off its consumer health business under the name Kenvue.
J&J veteran Duato replaced Gorsky as CEO earlier this year after holding a variety of roles during his more than 30 years at the company.
He also took a leading role in J&J's COVID-19 response and helped shape its pharmaceutical business strategy.
Gorsky also started his J&J career over three decades ago as a sales representative with Janssen Pharmaceuticals in 1988, and had been at the helm of the company for nearly a decade. During his tenure, J&J's market capitalization rose to over $460 billion from nearly $180 billion.
(Reporting by Leroy Leo in Bengaluru; Editing by Krishna Chandra Eluri)