In July and
Since then, Noram has initiated chloride-basedleaching experiments. These experiments are guided by evidence regarding the cation exchange capacity of some clay minerals, where lithium is liberated relatively easily in chloride solutions if HCl is used to overcome kinetic effects. Noram is contracting
Noram and Actlabs have already achieved initial success. Initial results using low concentrations of HCl and simple chloride compounds (including NaCl), moderate temperatures, and leaching times of only one hour, have yielded up to 425 ppm lithium in solution. President and CEO
There are two significant advantages to using chloride chemistry in comparison to sulfate-based chemistry.
During processing, sulfate minerals may precipitate governed by their unusual, temperature-dependent solubilities, and this can hinder lithium extraction, whereas chloride compounds are easier to manage. 2) The cost of using HCl in comparison to using H2SO4 is favorable, particularly when considering the Capex of the overall project. Other lithium claystone projects envision sulfuric acid plants on site which constitute a very large portion of the Capex, according to recent PFS and FS studies.'
In addition to the chloride-based leaching studies, Noram is examining other monovalent cations that could be extracted during processing, particularly cesium and rubidium. Although the markets for these metals are restricted, they are quite valuable, and cesium is on
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