Julie Saft

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (VGI) is an independent, SEC-registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1975 by John Bogle. In 1976, they introduced the first indexed mutual fund, the First Index Investment Trust (now known as the Vanguard 500 Index Fund), to individual investors. VGI provides investment advisory services to Vanguard family of funds and Vanguard's non-US clients, which are comprised of funds established as trusts under the laws of the Province of Ontario in Canada and separate account clients of Vanguard's international subsidiaries.

Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (Dimensional) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Austin, Texas. The firm was founded by David Booth in 1981 and is a subsidiary of Dimensional Holdings LLC, which is wholly-owned by Dimensional Holdings, Inc. Dimensional primarily manages securities and other assets for institutional investors. They also manage securities and other assets for high-net-worth individuals and clients of independent financial advisors. The firm is the investment adviser to various SEC-registered investment companies which represent separate funds in aggregate, such as mutual funds and exchange-traded funds.