Christopher Madden

Calvert Research & Management (Calvert) is a SEC-registered investment advisor headquartered in Washington, DC. The firm was founded in 2016 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Eaton Vance Management. Previously, Calvert was an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Eaton Vance Corp. (NYSE: EV). In 2021 Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) acquired Eaton Vance Corp. and its subsidiaries. Calvert provides investment advisory services to registered investment companies, institutional investors, and Wrap Programs.

Founded in 1976, Calvert Investment Management, Inc. is a registered investment advisor located in Bethesda, Maryland. The firm is a direct subsidiary of Calvert Research & Management. Their ultimate parent is Eaton Vance Corp. (NYSE: EV). Calvert Investment Management provides investment management services through mutual funds and separate accounts to institutional investors, retirement plans, financial intermediaries and their clients.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (VGI) is an independent registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1975 by John Bogle. In 1976, they introduced the first indexed mutual fund, the First Index Investment Trust (now known as the Vanguard 500 Index Fund), to individual investors. VGI provides investment advisory services to Vanguard family of funds and Vanguard's non-US clients, which are comprised of the following: (1) funds established as trusts under the laws of the Province of Ontario in Canada and (2) separate account clients of Vanguard's international subsidiaries.