Olivia Mitchell

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (VGI) is an independent registered investment advisor and mutual fund manager headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania. The firm was founded in 1975 by John Bogle. In 1976, they introduced the first indexed mutual fund, the First Index Investment Trust (now known as the Vanguard 500 Index Fund), to individual investors. VGI provides investment advisory services to Vanguard family of funds and Vanguard's non-US clients, which are comprised of the following: (1) funds established as trusts under the laws of the Province of Ontario in Canada and (2) separate account clients of Vanguard's international subsidiaries.

Allspring Multi-Sector Income Fund operates as a diversified, closed-end management investment company. Its investment objective is to seek a high level of current income consistent with limiting its overall exposure to domestic interest rate risk. The company was founded on April 10, 2003 and is headquartered in Charlotte, CA.

Evergreen Global Dividend Opportunity Fund is a Closed-End Investment Fund/Investment Trust. Its investment management services are provided by Evergreen Investment Management Company, LLC. The company is headquartered in Boston, MA.

Allspring Utilities & High Income Fund is a diversified closed-end management investment company. It seeks a level of current income and moderate capital growth, with an emphasis on providing tax-advantaged dividend income. The company was founded on February 4, 2004 and is headquartered in San Francisco, CA.

Evergreen International Balanced Income Fund is a closed-end investment fund. The fund seeks to provide a high level of income. The fund will invest primarily in dividend-paying international stocks and other equity securities and international debt securities. In addition, the fund will write call options on international indexes. The fund was founded on 27 October, 2005 and is headquartered in Boston, MA

Allspring Income Opportunities Fund operates as a closed-end management investment company. It seeks current income and capital appreciation through investment in below investment grade debt securities, loans, and preferred stocks. The company was founded on December 3, 2002 and is headquartered in San Francisco, CA.

Allspring Global Dividend Opportunity Fund operates as a closed-end investment fund. Its primary investment objective is to seek a high level of current income, and secondary objective is long-term growth of capital. The company was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in Charlotte, NC.

National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. was founded in 1920. The non-profit company is based in Cambridge, MA. The company provides investment research.